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Medications, Drugs, and Alcohol
Impact of Daytime Sleepiness
Stroke, head injury, depress
Excessive daytime sleepiness is the most common complaint among people who suffer from OSA, which is characterized by periodic episodes of airway obstruction, hypoxia, and repeated arousals during the night. Many individuals with OSA aren’t aware of the disruption in their sleep pattern. OSA is arguably the most dangerous disorder associated with daytime sleepiness due to its effects on other physiologic parameters (blood pressure, blood glucose, tissue oxygenation, disorder is caused by abnormalities in the control and timing of REM sleep [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], where REM intrudes into wakeful periods. Narcolepsy may be accompanied by cataplexy (the sudden and transient loss of muscle tone) and is often precipitated by emotions.
Sleep Deprivation
Approximately 1 of 5 American adults reports a level of daytime fatigue that interferes with normal function. The most common complaint of people who enter sleep clinics is excessive daytime sleepiness. (Johnson E. Sleep in America: 2000. Results from the National Sleep Foundation’s 2000 Omnibus sleep poll. Washington [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], DC: The National Sleep Foundation)
Adolescents, shift workers, and elderly persons report the highest levels of daytime sleepiness [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but it is difficult to assess the true prevalence of the problem because symptoms of sleepiness are so subjective and there are no standardized approaches for its assessment and diagnosis.
Regardless of difficulties in determining its overall prevalence, daytime sleepiness has a real impact on those whom it affects. Sleep problems have been associated with:
Sedation is one of the most commonly reported side effects of prescription medications. Alcohol is the most widely-used non-prescription agent that has sedating effects. Some street drugs marijuana) are sedating, and people who abuse methamphetamine, cocaine, or other stimulants can exhibit persistent daytime sleepiness following long periods of drug use.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Sleep loss is the most prevalent cause of daytime sleepiness; symptoms can occur after only one night of sleep restriction. Those who are chronically sleep-deprived may not be aware of their cognitive and performance impairment.
More than 100,000 motor vehicle accidents resulting in over 70,000 injuries and 1,500 deaths annually in the United States (National Sleep Foundation. State of the states report on drowsy driving. November 2007)52% of heavy truck accidents are fatigue-related, with the driver falling asleep in 18% of cases (NTSB. Factors that affect fatigue in heavy truck accidents safety study. Washington, DC: National Transportation Safety Board, 1995)Low levels of academic performance, a higher incidence of school tardiness, and even lower graduation rates among adolescents (Pagel J, et al. Adolescent sleep disturbance and school performance: the confounding variable of socioeconomics. J Clin Sleep Med. 2007;3[1]:19-23)Poor professional and job performance, notably among workers whose performance affects the wellbeing of others physicians) (Chen I, et al. A survey of subjective sleepiness and consequences in attending physicians. Behav Sleep Med. 2008;6[1]:1-15)Reduced cognitive function and energy levels, which interfere with acquiring and retaining employment, increase one’s risk of injury at work, and impair social function at all levelsCauses of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness
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Idiopathic Hypersomnia
What is Obstructive Sleep Apnea?
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Other conditions